kita akan membahas mengenai bentuk kalimat langsung dan kalimat tidak langsung.Direct speech or
quotations are the exact words that someone says. Direct speech adalah kalimat langsung yang dituturkan oleh si
pembicaranya. Biasanya kalimat ini menggunakan quotation marks / tanda petik (“...”). tanda koma juga sering digunakan
untuk mengawali sebuah kalimat langsung.
Contoh:
Mila said,
“Max is not coming.”
Sedangkan indirect speech atau reported speech
adalah kalimat tidak langsung. Kalimat ini menyampaikan sebuah gagasan atau
ide, tapi kalimatnya bukan keluar dari pembicaranya. Reported speech tidak
diapit oleh tanda petik dan tidak menggunakan tanda koma sebelumnya.
Contoh:
Mila
said that Max is (was) not coming.
Dalam indirect speech, bentuk kalimat terutama
tenses nya cenderung berubah. Kata kerja (verb) maupun kata bantu modal auxiliaries bisa berubah kedalam
bentuk past.
Contoh:
Perubahan ini mungkin muncul ketika kalimatnya
disampaikan/ diberikan pada waktu atau tempat yang berbeda ketika si pembicara
awal (original speaker) menuturkan
kalimatnya.
Perubahan
Tenses dan modal auxiliaries dalam indirect speech
Mengubah kalimat direct ke indirect speech
tentunya harus memperhatikan perubahan tenses dan kata bantu modal
auxiliaries-nya, berikut perubahan dan contohnya:
Simple present simple
past tense
Lyra said, “Alex is
at home.” Lyra
said (that) Alex was at home.
Lyra said, “Alex has
a lot of work Lyra said (that) Alex had
a lot of work.
Lyra
said, “Alex is reading a novel.” Lyra
said (that) Alex was reading a novel.
Lyra
said, “Alex has not finished it yet.” Lyra
said (that) alex hadn’t finished it yet.
Lyra
said, “Alex started yesterday.” Lyra said (that) Alex had
started yesterday.
Lyra
said, “Alex was working.” Lyra
said (that) alex had been working.
Perubahan
dalam Modal Auxiliaries
Zulfan
said, “Rachel may come later.” Zulfan
said (that) Rachel might come later.
Zulfan
said, “Rachel will come.” Zulfan
said (that) Rachel would come.
Zulfan
said, “Rachel must come.” Zulfan said (that) Rachel had
to come.
Perubahan
pronoun dan adverb pada indirect speech
Selain tenses, perubahan dalam indirect
speech juga terjadi pada pronoun(kata
ganti) dan adverb (kata keterangan).
Penggunaaan kata this, that, those, these, now, then, here, dan there
berubah sesuai dengan waktu dan tempat dari indirect speech. Kata keterangan
waktu seperti: Today, tomorrow dan yesterday mungkin juga berubah
sesuai dengan waktu dari indirect speech.
Contoh kalimat:
Pronoun
Affan
said, “I need your work.” Affan
said (that) he needed my work.
Erick
said, “You have to finish immediately.” Erick said (that) we had to finish immediately.
Demonstrative pronoun dan Adjectives
Susan
said, “This is beautiful.” Susan
said that that was beautiful.
Susan
said, “These papers are important.” Susan
said that those papers were important.
Adverbs
Lucy
said, “I want them now.” Lucy
said that she wanted them then.
Mila
said, “The tables are here.” Mila said that the tables were
there.
Perubahan
bentuk kalimat
Kalimat Tanya / interrogative sentence dalam
indirect speech tentu berubah. Jika
dalam kalimat langsung berbentuk kalimat Tanya, maka berubah jadi kalimat
pernyataan.
Bagaimana jika ada kata Tanya? Tetap dipakai tapi
kalimatnya berbentuk kalimat pernyataan. Karena pada dasarnya, pertanyaan
tersebut tidak membutuhkan jawaban.
Contoh:
Yuna
asked, “What time is it?” Yuna
asked what time it was.
My
mother asked, “What are you doing?” My mother asked what I was doing.
Bagaimana jika yes or no question yang
tidak ada kata tanya? Pakai if sebagai pengganti kata tanya yang
juga berarti apakah.
Contoh:
Della
asked, “Are you Ok?” Della
asked if I was OK.
Della
asked, “will you come tonight?” Della
asked if I would come that night.
Bentuk command
dalam indirect speech
Bentuk command/perintah dalam indirect speech juga
harus berubah dengan menambahkan modal auxiliaries (should)
ataupun kata to. Tentu dengan penambahan
pronoun harus ditambahkan.
Contoh:
She said, “Come at 8.00.” She said
to come at 8.00.
She
said that we should come at 8.00.
Sumber
referensi: Mosaic I, A
Content-Based Grammar, by Patricia K. Werner
Fundamental
of English Grammar, third edition, by Betty Schrampfer Azar
Cukup sekian penjelasan Direct indirect nya.
jika ada pertanyaan, silahkan sampaikan pada kolom komentar. Semoga bermanfaat.
Terima kasih.
