Bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada 4 (empat) bentuk,
yaitu base form/bentuk dasar, simple past (bentuk lampau/verb2), past participle (verb3), dan present participle (bentuk verb-ing).
Pembentukan kata kerja ke-2 dan ke-3 dibentuk dengan 2 (dua)
cara, yaitu:
Regular verb/ kata
kerja beraturan.
Pembentukan kata kerja beraturan ini sangat mudah, kita
hanya menambahkan –ed dibagian
belakang kata kerja beraturan.
Contoh nya seperti ini:
Base form simple past (verb2) past participle (verb3)
Walk walked walked
Talk talked talked
Watch watched watched
Laugh laughed laughed
Cry cried cried
Study studied studied
Irregular verb /
kata kerja tidak beraturan
Pembentukan Kata kerja bentuk ke2 dan ke3 untuk kata kerja
tidak beraturan berbeda sekali dengan regular
verb di atas. Pembentukan ini memiliki bentuk sendiri, dan memang harus
dihafal.
Bentuknya sendiri ada yang berubah namun ada juga yang
tetap, namanya tidak beraturan, jadi ya tidak beraturan.. it
means that we have to know the form of the verbs.. di bawah ini saya
berikan daftar irregular verb yang
mungkin sering muncul. Jadi, hafalkan ya?!
Daftar kata kerja tak beraturan (Irregular Verb)
Base
form
|
Simple
Past
|
Past
Participle
|
Meaning
|
Awake
|
Awoke
|
Awoken
|
Bangun
|
Be
|
Was/were
|
been
|
Ada
atau menjadi
|
Beat
|
Beat
|
Beaten
|
Memukul
|
Become
|
Became
|
Become
|
Menjadi
|
Begin
|
Began
|
Begun
|
Memulai
|
Bend
|
Bent
|
Bent
|
Membungkuk
|
Bite
|
Bit
|
Bitten
|
Menggigit
|
Blow
|
Blew
|
Blown
|
Meniup
|
Break
|
Broke
|
Broken
|
Mematahkan
|
Bring
|
Brought
|
Brought
|
Membawa
|
Broadcast
|
Broadcast
|
Broadcast
|
Menyiarkan
|
Build
|
Built
|
Built
|
Membangun
|
Burn
|
Burned/burnt
|
Burned/burnt
|
Membakar
|
Burst
|
Burst
|
Burst
|
Membuka
keras
|
Buy
|
Bought
|
Bought
|
Membeli
|
Can
|
Could
|
(been
able)
|
Bisa,
mampu
|
Catch
|
Caught
|
Caught
|
Menangkap
|
Choose
|
Chose
|
Chosen
|
Memilih
|
Come
|
Came
|
Come
|
Datang
|
Cost
|
Cost
|
Cost
|
Mempunyai
harga
|
Cut
|
Cut
|
Cut
|
Memotong
|
Dig
|
Dag
|
Dug
|
Menggali
|
Dive
|
Dived/dove
|
Dived
|
Menyelam
|
Do
|
Did
|
Done
|
Melakukan
|
Draw
|
Drew
|
Drawn
|
Menggambar
|
Dream
|
Dreamed/dreamt
|
Dreamed/dreamt
|
Bermimpi
|
Drink
|
Drank
|
Drunk
|
Minum
|
Drive
|
Drove
|
Driven
|
Mengendarai
|
Eat
|
Ate
|
Eaten
|
Makan
|
Fall
|
Fell
|
Fallen
|
Jatuh
|
Feed
|
Fed
|
Fed
|
Member
makan
|
Feel
|
Felt
|
Felt
|
Merasa
|
Fight
|
Fought
|
Fought
|
Bertarung
|
Find
|
Found
|
Found
|
Menemukan
|
Fit
|
Fit
|
Fit
|
Mencocokkan
|
Fly
|
Flew
|
Flown
|
Terbang
|
Forget
|
Forgot
|
Forgotten
|
Melupakan
|
Forgive
|
Forgave
|
Forgiven
|
Memaafkan
|
Freeze
|
Froze
|
Frozen
|
Membeku
|
Get
|
Got
|
Got/gotten
|
Mendapat
|
Give
|
Gave
|
Given
|
Member
|
Go
|
Went
|
Gone
|
Pergi
|
Grow
|
Grew
|
Grown
|
Tumbuh
|
Hang
|
Hanged/hung
|
Hanged/hung
|
Menggantung
|
Have
|
Had
|
Had
|
Memiliki
|
Hear
|
Heard
|
Heard
|
Mendengar
|
Hide
|
Hid
|
Hidden
|
bersembunyi
|
Hit
|
Hit
|
Hit
|
Memukul
|
Hold
|
Held
|
Held
|
Menggenggam
|
Hurt
|
Hurt
|
Hurt
|
Menyakiti
|
Keep
|
Kept
|
Kept
|
Menjaga
|
Kneel
|
Knelt
|
Knelt
|
Berlutut
|
Know
|
Knew
|
Known
|
Mengetahui
|
Lay
|
Laid
|
Laid
|
Meletakkan
|
Lead
|
Led
|
Led
|
Memimpin
|
Learn
|
Learned/learnt
|
Learned/learnt
|
Belajar
|
Leave
|
Left
|
Left
|
Meninggalkan
|
Lend
|
Lent
|
Lent
|
Meminjamkan
|
Let
|
Let
|
Let
|
Membiarkan
|
Lie
|
Lay
|
Lain
|
Berbohong
|
Light
|
Lighted/lit
|
Lighted/lit
|
Menyalakan
|
Lose
|
Lost
|
Lost
|
Kehilangan
|
Make
|
Made
|
Made
|
Membuat
|
Mean
|
Meant
|
Meant
|
berrmaksud
|
Meet
|
Met
|
Met
|
Bertemu
|
Must
|
Had
to
|
Had
to
|
Harus
|
Pay
|
Paid
|
Paid
|
Membayar
|
Prove
|
Proved
|
Proved/proven
|
Membuktikan
|
Put
|
Put
|
Put
|
Menaruh
|
Quit
|
Quit
|
Quit
|
Berhenti
|
Read
|
Read
|
Read
|
Membaca
|
Ride
|
Rode
|
Ridden
|
Menunggangi
|
Ring
|
Rang
|
Rung
|
Berdering
|
Rise
|
Rose
|
Risen
|
Naiknya
|
Run
|
Ran
|
Run
|
Berlari
|
Say
|
Said
|
Said
|
Mengatakan
|
See
|
Saw
|
Seen
|
Melihat
|
Seek
|
Sought
|
Sought
|
Mencari
|
Sell
|
Sold
|
Sold
|
Menjual
|
Send
|
Sent
|
Sent
|
Mengirim
|
Set
|
Set
|
Set
|
Mengatur
|
Shake
|
Shook
|
Shaken
|
Menggeleng
|
Shave
|
Shaved
|
Shaved/shaven
|
Bercukur
|
Shine
|
Shone
|
Shone
|
Bersinar
|
Shoot
|
Shot
|
Shot
|
Menembak
|
Show
|
Showed
|
Shown
|
Menunjukkan
|
Shut
|
Shut
|
Shut
|
Menutup
|
Sing
|
Sang
|
Sung
|
Bernyanyi
|
Sink
|
Sank
|
Sunk
|
Tenggelam
|
Sit
|
Sat
|
Sat
|
Duduk
|
Sleep
|
Slept
|
Slept
|
Tidur
|
Slide
|
Slid
|
Slid
|
Mendorong
|
Speak
|
Spoke
|
Spoken
|
Berbicara
|
Spell
|
Spelled/spelt
|
Spelled/spelt
|
Mengeja
|
Spend
|
Spent
|
Spent
|
Menghabiskan
|
Spread
|
Spread
|
Spread
|
Menyebarkan
|
Spill
|
Spilled/spilt
|
Spilled/spilt
|
Menumpahkan
|
Spoil
|
Spoiled/spoilt
|
Spoiled/spoilt
|
Memanjakan
|
Stand
|
Stood
|
Stood
|
Berdiri
|
Steal
|
Stole
|
Stolen
|
Mencuri
|
Stick
|
Stuck
|
Stuck
|
Menempelkan
|
Strike
|
Struck
|
Struck
|
Memukul
|
Swear
|
Swore
|
Sworn
|
Bersumpah
|
Sweep
|
Swept
|
Swept
|
Menyapu
|
Swim
|
Swam
|
Swum
|
Berenang
|
Take
|
Took
|
Taken
|
Mengambil
|
Teach
|
Taught
|
Taught
|
Mengajar
|
Tear
|
Tore
|
Torn
|
Menyobek
|
Tell
|
Told
|
Told
|
Memberi
tahu
|
Think
|
Thought
|
Thought
|
Berpikir
|
Throw
|
Threw
|
Thrown
|
Melempar
|
Understand
|
Understood
|
Understood
|
Mengerti
|
Upset
|
Upset
|
Upset
|
Mengganggu
|
Wake
|
Woke
|
Woken
|
Bangun
|
Wear
|
Wore
|
Worn
|
Memakai
|
Weave
|
Wove
|
Woven
|
Menenun
|
Weep
|
Wept
|
Wept
|
Mencucurkan
|
Win
|
Won
|
Won
|
Menang
|
Withdraw
|
Withdrew
|
Withdrawn
|
Menarik
|
write
|
Wrote
|
Written
|
Menulis
|
Yang terakhir adalah kata kerja bentuk present participle
atau kata kerja bentuk –ing. Bentuk kata kerja ini digunakan pada continuous tense contohnya seperti present
continuous dan past continuous. Sebetulnya pembentukan kata kerja ini mudah.
Kita hanya menambahkan –ing dibelakang
kata kerja, regular ataupun irregular verb.. Contohnya seperti
berikut:
Base Form present participle
Watch watching
Look looking
Walk walking
Cry crying
Speak speaking
Think thinking
Tapi, ada beberapa aturan penulisan dalam bentuk present
participle ini,
·
Umumnya, kata kerja tinggal ditambah –ing saja dibelakang, seperti pada
contoh di atas.
·
Jika kata kerja itu berakhiran –e, maka dihilangkan dan ditambah –ing, contoh;
Smile smiling
Take taking
Hope hoping
·
Jika kata kerja yang memiliki satu suku kata dan
diakhiri oleh vokal dan konsonan, maka konsonan yang terakhir didobelkan,
contoh:
Stop stopping stopped
Plan planning planned
·
Jika kata kerja memiliki dua suku kata dan suku
kata yang pertama yang mendapat tekanan, konsonannya TIDAK didobelkan, contoh:
Visit visting visited
Offer offering offered
·
Jika kata kerja memiliki dua suku kata dan suku
kata yang terakhir mendapat tekana dalam pengucapannya, maka konsonan terakhir
didobelkan, contoh:
Prefer preferring preferred
Admit admitting admitted
·
Jika kata kerja berakhiran –ie, maka ubahlah menjadi –y
kemudian tambahkan –ing, contoh:
Die dying died
Tie tying tied
Itu yang bisa saya sampaikan. Mohon saran dan masukannya jika
masih ada kekurangan. Semoga bermanfaat.
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