Thursday, July 13, 2017

Pengertian dan Contoh Narrative Text dalam Bahasa Inggris

Narrative text adalah teks yang menceritakan tentang kejadian, entah itu nyata, khayalan atau fiksi. Teks ini lebih fokus pada bagaimana suatu kejadian itu terjadi. Tujuan dari narrative text adalah untuk menghibur pembaca, atau untuk pembelajaran.

Narrative text terdiri dari tiga bagian:
The orientation                     : bagian ini memperkenalkan para tokoh cerita, setting tempat dan    juga setting waktu.
The Complication                : bagian ini menjelaskan masalah yang ada dalam cerita dan cara     penyelesaian masalah tersebut.
The resolution                       : bagian ini menjelaskan bagaimana cerita tersebut berakhir.

Narrative text biasanya menggunakan simple past tense.

Berikut  saya berikan contoh beberapa narrative text dalam bahasa Inggris.

                                                    Landi the Porcupine
There was a porcupine named Landi. He was lonely. No one wanted to play with him because they were afraid of his spikes.
“Dear Landi. We don’t want to play with you because your spikes are too sharp. We don’t want you to hurt us,” Said Cici the rabbit one day.
“Cici is right, Landi. It is not because you are bad or rude to us. No, Landi! Just because of your spikes. They will stab us when we come close to you,” Said Tito the rooster.
Landi felt lonely. He murmured, “Why don’t they want to play with me?”
Landi spent most of the time day dreaming at the river bank. “I would have lots of friends and play with them if no spikes were on my body. I would be happy. I would not be lonely like this. What a shame!”
Suddenly, Kuku the turtle appeared from the river. He came to Landi and said, “Landi, what are you thinking of?”
“Oh, nothing,” Landi replied.
“Don’t lie to me, Landi. Please tell me your problem. Who knows I can help you,” Kuku said wisely. Then he sat beside Landi. He wasn’t afraid of Landi’s spikes.
Shortly, Landi told Kuku his problem. Kuku nodded his head. He said, “Poor you. but it is not your fault. I know, your spikes are very useful and helpful to you. Your friends will realize it someday. Trust me, Landi..”
“Thanks Kuku. You are really my best friend. You are the only one here who wants to be my friend.”
One day, Sam the frog held his birthday party. He invited all his friends, including Landi. But he decided not to come. He didn’t want to mess up the party.
“I’ll come with you, Landi. I’ll tell everyone that you are harmless,” said Kuku. Finally, Landi attended the party.  Every one enjoyed it.
Suddenly, Tito ran here and there screaming, “Help …help …! The evil wolf is coming. Save yourselves!” then everyone ran to save their lives, except Kuku and Landi. Kuku pulled his head and legs into his shell. Landi rolled his body into a ball.
Unintentionally, the evil wolf stepped his foot on Landi. Of course, the spikes pricked him. He screamed, “Ouch!” Since his foot was bleeding, he didn’t chase Landi’s friends any longer. Then he ran away.
“Horray … horray …! Long live Landi! He saved our lives,” said Cici and her friends. Everyone shook Landi’s  hand and thanked him. From then on, Landi wasn’t lonely anymore. His friends knew that his spikes would not hurt anyone, unless they wanted to hurt Landi.
  
Contoh narrative text yang lain akan saya posting di artikel selanjutnya. yterima kasih semoga bermanfaat.


Sunday, July 9, 2017

Perbedaan Present Continuous dan Present Perfect Continuous

Sedikit berbagi, beberapa waktu yang lalu ketika membahas tentang tenses bagian present perfect continuous salah seorang siswa bertanya apa perbedaan antara present continuous dan present perfect continuous, terus kenapa kita menggunakan present perfect continuos jika ingin mengatakan sedang. Pertanyaan itu memberi ide untuk membuat artikel ini.
Kita mulai saja apa yang membedakan antara present continuous dan present perfect continuous.

Kita bahas present perfect continuous dulu yah?!
Kita perhatikan situasi berikut:

Al and Ann are in their car right now. They are driving home. It is now four o’clock.
(Al dan Ann sedang berada di dalam mobil mereka sekarang. Mereka sedang mengendarai mobil untuk pulang. Sekarang jam 4)
(a)       They have been driving since two o’clock.
(mereka sudah berkendara sejak jam 2.)
(b)       They have been driving for two hours.
(mereka sudah berkendara selama 2 jam.)

Catatan:
Present perfect continuous menerangkan tentang berapa lama suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi saat ini sudah dilakukan/ sudah terjadi.  Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan pada tenses ini adalah since dan for.

Present perfect continuous mengungkapkan durasi suatu kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan masih terjadi saat ini. Jadi salah jika kita mengatakan:
They are driving since two o’clock. (mereka sedang berkendara sejak jam 2.)

Jika dibandingkan dengan present continuous, present continuous tidak mengungkapkan durasi waktu. Present continuous menjelaskan kejadian saat ini sedang terjadi saja, tidak membicarakan berapa lama kejadian tersebut sudah berlangsung. Jadi salah jika kita mengatakan:
They have been dring right now. (mereka sudah berkendara sekarang.)

Gampang sekali alias mudah kan?jika masih bingung, baca juga artikel present continuous.


Tuesday, July 4, 2017

Ungkapan Terima Kasih dalam Bahasa Inggris

Pada situasi tertentu, ungkapan terima kasih terkadang sangat dibutuhkan untuk menunjukkan sikap atau attitude kita. Penggunaan ungkapan terima kasih ini mungkin saja bisa berbeda di berbagai situasi seperti jika kita berada dalam situasi bahasa Inggris atau dengan orang Inggris kondisi tertentu membutuhkan ungkapan ini, tapi mungkin tidak dengan situasi orang Indonesia. Nah, kita akan bhas, pada situasi bagaimana orang Inggris mengungkapkan rasa terima kasihnya.

Seperti yang kita tahu, ada beberapa situasi yang berbeda dimana kita menggunakan sebuah ungkapan terima kasih. Biasanya orang Inggris atau amerika berterima kasih untuk hal-hal berikut:
  • Untuk sebuah kado/hadiah;
  • Untuk pertolongan;
  • Menawarkan bantuan;
  • Untuk pujian dan do’a;
  • Ketika ditanya tentang kabar;
  • Untuk sebuah undangan;
  • Ketika meninggalkan sebuah pesta atau acara pertemuan;
  • Untuk pelayanan, seperti dilayani di sebuah took ataupun restoran.

Berikut adalah beberapa ungkapan terima kasih yang umum digunakan beserta tanggapannya
Expressing Thanks
Response
I’m very grateful for …
You’re very welcome.
I’m very grateful for …
You’re quite welcome.
I’m so grateful for …
You’re entirely welcome.
Thank you very much for …
Don’t mention it.
Thank you so much for …
You’re welcome.
Thank you for …
It was my pleasure.
That was nice of you. Thank you.
Don’t mention it.
That was nice of you.
You’re welcome.
Thank you. But you really shouldn’t have.
Well, I just wanted to show my appreciation for …
They’re beautiful! But you didn’t need to (give me anything).
But I wanted to.
Thanks a lot for …
You’re welcome.
I really appreciate (the invitation)
Sure.
Thanks!
It was nothing. What are friends for?
Thanks a million!
Don’t worry about it.
Thanks a million!
Forget it.

Terkadang orang Inggris pun mengucapkan terima kasih atas usaha yang kita lakukan walaupun kita tidak berhasil. Contoh ungkapannya seperti di bawah ini:

Expressing thanks for a failed attempt
Response
Thank you for trying.
I’m sorry it didin’t work out.
I appreciate your help, anyway.
Perhaps you’ll have better luck next time.
Thank you very much for your efforts.

Thanks, anyway.
Sorry it didn’t work out.
Thanks a lot for trying, at least.
Sure. Too bad it didn’t work.

Cukup mudah kan? Semoga bermanfaat.





Ungkapan Sapaan dalam Bahasa Inggris

Bagaimana cara kita menyapa dalam bahasa Inggris? Tentunya kita akan kesulitan untuk memulai pembicaraan jika kita tidak mengetahui langkah awal memulainya, yaitu menyapa.
Ungkapan sapaan dalam  bahasa Inggris tentunya banyak sekali.

Berikut saya uraikan beberapa ungkapan sapaan yang biasa digunakan dengan responnya. Semakin ke bawah dari daftar berikut, maka situasi semakin kurang formal.

Ungkapan/expressions
Tanggapan/ responses
Good morning.
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
Good afternoon.
Good evening.
Good evening.
How nice to see you!
What a pleasant surprise!
Yes, it’s been quite a while.
Hello, Ali.
Hello, Kate.
How are you?
Fine, thanks. And you?
Hi, Jane.
Hi, Leah.
How have you been?
Pretty good.
What’s happening?
Not much.
What’s new?
Nothing.
How are you doing?
OK.
How you doing?
Not bad.
Long time, no see.
Yeah!

Ketika kita berada di tengah-tengah obrolan, tetapi kita ada keperluan dan harus pergi. Kita tidak bisa langsung berhenti dan pergi begitu saja. Dalam situasi yang formal ataupun tidak terlalu formal, maka alangkah bijaknya jika kita mengindikasikan bahwa kita akan menghentikan obrolan dan berpamitan. Daftar dibawah merupakan contoh ungkapan yang digunakan untuk mengindikasikan berakhirnya obrolan sebelum mengucaspkan selamat tinggal atau biasa dikenal preclosing.

Preclosings
Responses
Well, I’m afraid I have to be going. (I’ve got to get up early tomorrow.)
Thank you for coming.
It’s been a pleasure.
Yes, I’ve enjoyed it.
Thank you for your advice.
My pleasure.
I really must go now. (stronger)

It was nice to see you.
It was good to see you.
Well, it’s getting late.
Maybe we can talk again.
I know you are busy … nice to see you again.
Nice to see you.
Thank you for coming.
It was fun.
Maybe we could get together sometime.
Sounds good.
Great seeing you.
Same here.
I’ve really got to go.
Ok. See you.
Got to go now.
See you again.

Ungkapan berpamitan (closing)  diuraikan pada table berikut dengan responnya.
Closings
Responses
Until the next time …
Good-bye
Good night, Joe.
Good night, Sue.
Good-bye, Harry.
Good-bye, pete.
Have a nice (weekend)
You, too.
Talk to you later.
Bye. Take it easy.
See you later.
So long. Take care.

Cukup mudah ya? Hafalkan dan gunakan. Untuk hasil yang maksimal, biaakanlah menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan diatas dengan teman-teman. Semakin sering berlatih, kemampuan bahasa kita akan semakin baik.

Semoga bermanfaat. Jika ada pertanyaan, silahkan isi di kolom komentar.